Category: Sheep

Our sheep tend to spend much of the winter close to the hay feeders. While the fields remain open, the comfort of the shed and close proximity of food is too much of a draw.

Main deliveries of hay are stored in a large shed, but we keep a few bales near the feeders to make things easy for ourselves at top-up time. Up till now, these have been stored in a hurdled off corner of the shed. While this generally worked fine, it did mean carrying bales through a melange of sheep and a somewhat fraught effort to stack them. Fraught because once the hurdles were opened, some sheep saw this as an opportunity, particularly Yaar.

So this year, we decided to conjure up a better option, a hay storage facility both closer to where we park the trailer and closer to the feeders. Hay Bay 2 was born (Hay Bay 1 was added to our field shelter some years back, but since then we’ve moved the feeders closer to the house).

Now, I work full time so time was at a premium. Also, autumn was creeping in so the light evenings of summer were receding quickly. So, guess what I spent my weekends and holidays doing?

First was to lay a flat foundation, lifted from the ground to avoid damp. This involved much digging and levelling and siting of bricks. Smallholding seems to involve a lot of digging, measuring and moving stuff around, so I was no stranger to this.

Second was to build a raised floor. This comprised a pallette sawn to size with some planks added to fill the gaps.

Third was to build the framework. The shed needed to be sturdy (which eliminated all shop bought options at a stroke), the right size (ditto) and able to keep water from leeching through the walls (easier said than done). Of course, despite carefully crafted spreadsheets with macros to help me buy the right wood at the right length, I ended up short on the 4×2. Fortunately, I had some offcuts from earlier wood based projects lurking in the shed. Just enough and no more.

The second problem was that I changed the design at this stage. Originally, the idea was to have the roof level with the gap in the shed wall. But I decided, based on my experience of hay bay 1 (which leaked and so needed to be re-roofed), to integrated the roof with the shed. This meant I had to buy more wood after all.

The third problem was that my power saw decided that it had had enough, so I get a new one of those. Should have been easy, but the courier (DX) had yet to deliver any of the previous deliveries on the allocated day. I wondered what the excuse would be this time and, lo and behold, having claimed ‘no access’ more than once, this time the van suffered a ‘breakdown’. Hmm.

Nevertheless, it finally arrived and work continued.

A key part of this design was not to have a support column in the middle of the doors. Also, having learned from previous experience, I made the doors narrower. Wood’s tendency to settle and move can be a right pain when all of a sudden, that carefully aligned bolt is no longer aligned. Two very sturdy columns were put in place to support the doors along with large hinges.The doors themselves have four cross beams and plenty of screws so as to minimise any shape changing.

This was a satisfying part of the build, a series of straight cuts so no continually adjusting the saw. It wasn’t long before the walls were up. The doors took some careful measuring as, given soft wood’s propensity to warp, they ended up not exactly the size in the plan. But I was ready for that, so all went surprisingly smoothly.

After that, I lined the inside with a second ‘wall’ to keep the hay off the damp outer wall and added the roof. The only thing missing from the photos is the feeders which will be one or two metres from this new shed. A small step in making our lives easier.

Every week, (weather depending) I arm myself with my ‘sheep bits and bobs kit’ and set off for a morning of hoof and bottom trimming.   In other words, I gather in a small number of sheep and spend a lovely morning with our teddy bears doing their health checks.  This includes checking and trimming their hooves, checking their bottoms and trimming their bikini lines, and if they’re woolled up I’ll trim the wool around their eyes too so they can see better.

We have nineteen sheep and doing the whole flock in one go is quite a lot for me on my own, so I do three or four each week.  This means each sheep gets a health check and mini hair cut roughly every six weeks.

My ‘sheep bits and bobs kit’ is one of the most useful things I own.  It contains:

Engemycin spray (aka blue hoof spray – great for mini foot infections)

Protego herbal powder spray (my favourite product of all time, I use this for minor skin wounds, it’s very effective and smells divine.  Yogi, Yssi and Ynca are all prone to getting urine stains on their bottoms so I’ll trim up the stained wool and follow up with a cloud of powder spray to prevent infection and keep their bottoms fresh)

Burgon and Ball hoof trimmers

Fiskars sewing scissors  (I find normal sewing scissors easier than full on shearing shears for doing mini trims)

Fiskars scissor sharpeners

Battles maggot oil (just in case)

‘Tom Tick’ (for removing pesky ticks)

Self-stick bandages, cotton wool and Styptic powder (in case of accidents)

Nitrile gloves

Rope halter (in case I need to secure one of the teddies)

Bribes (sheep nuts and / or chopped apples, carrots, turnips depending on what season it is)

I pop my bucket of things on the quad bike, secure with bungees and zoom off to look for the flock.  I have various hurdle pens dotted about over our pasture.  This means wherever the flock happens to be there’ll hopefully be a pen nearby.

Once parked up I’ll check my list to see whose turn it is, then I’ll walk over to the flock and bring in my first teddy bear.

Once I’ve got my sheep in the pen I’ll give her a piece of apple or a few sheep nuts, then a ‘tickly pickly rubbadubdub’, (some lovely scratches and head rubs).  This is important as I like the sheep to associate the pen as a pleasant experience.

Then I get to work.  I put a handful of chopped apples / nuts etc in a bucket and place this in one corner.  This part is very important as I want to keep my sheep fully occupied while working on her hooves.  Where I place the sheep and myself is super important as I want to make sure her body weight is fully supported by the hurdle and me at all times.  This way when she’s balancing on three legs she’ll feel secure and and not want to run off in a panic.

When I’ve done the hooves I’ll top up the bribery bucket and start on the bottom.  If I’m working on a skittish sheep I’ll halter her up.  Sheep instinctively move forwards when their bottoms are touched which isn’t ideal when I’m trying to snip off dags and peer through wool for maggots.

Bottom done, I’ll remove the treats bucket and get to work on the face.  Some of our flock don’t need a face trim but most of them do.  Ryelands generally have the full on teddy bear look so appreciate a wee trim up around their eyes so they can see properly.

Each sheep takes around half an hour, so after doing four or so sheep I’m pretty sore from all the shuffling around.  I’ll load up my things, call the dogs over and head back to the house for a welcome cup of tea.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Shearing is a big day in the sheep calendar and it can be pretty stressful for everyone involved, the sheep, the shearers and the farmers.  We start thinking about shearing at the beginning of May when the weather warms up and the sheep start feeling hot and itchy in their woolly coats.

Every spring I contact Guy our shearer to confirm that we’re on his schedule, and then it’s a case of waiting.  Unfortunately we can’t just pop a date in the diary because shearing is weather dependent.  Guy also has many flocks to dealt with, he goes up and down the country helping smallholders like ourselves and so we have to be patient and wait for a slot.

In the eight weeks or so prior to shearing we step up our ‘fly vigil’ watching for signs of fly strike which can be fatal.  Our weekly ‘hooves, bottoms and face trims’ routine becomes more important because the little darlings are at their woolliest.  Some of their bottoms can be particularly challenging with all the fresh spring grass and the effects that has.

This year we wondered if we’d ever get our little lot sheared.  We’ve had the wettest summer we can remember, and not only that, it’s been chilly too.  We regretted turning the aga off in May and have been piling on the jumpers ever since.

Normally our shearer comes in the second half of June or at a push the first week in July.  But June came and went with grey skies, wind and rain.  This year with the strange weather we knew shearing would probably happen in July, but still, we were getting a bit twitchy as were the sheep.

In theory you can shear sheep in any old weather as long as you keep your flock under cover so the wool is dry.  But ideally shearing is best done during a spell of hot, dry weather.  The wool should be dry so the blades can run through it easily, and the lanolin should be soft to allow the blades to travel more smoothly.  If the temperature’s too low, the lanolin doesn’t soften and the blades can stick which can be a problem as you run the risk of injuring your sheep.

But at last, as we came into the second week of July shearing happened.  We had two days of reasonable weather and our shearer Guy was in the area, hooray!

We got the flock down into the shed the night before to make sure they stayed dry and had restricted access to grass. The next day we were up bright and early checking on the flock and making some last minute adjustments to the fancy hurdle arrangement I put in place last month.  Then we dragged the shearing platform into position, and last but not least popped some lucozade and snickers bars on the shelf in the barn.

Despite the midges and cleggs who decided to join the party Guy did a sterling job sorting out our flock with their summer haircuts.

We were so happy to have our flock sheared and the sheep definitely had a spring in their step as they trotted back up the hill to their summer pastures.

 

 

 

 

 

Round about the beginning of May I started my annual “sheep shed muck-out”.   I needed to get it spick and span for shearing in June.  The sheep love their shed and spend a lot of time in it during the winter so it can get pretty mucky.  They would spend a lot of time in it during the summer too if they got half the chance.  Not fans of the hot sun, they seek out shady places, especially in the run-up to shearing when they’re still wearing their winter coats and everyone else is in tee-shirts.

As soon as the grass comes through at the end of April we shut off access to the shed and encourage the little darlings to break their “shed habit”.  They grumble for a bit and stand at the fence baa-ing, but after a few days they remember they have other shady places to lurk in such as their very own silvo-pasture.

With the sheep out of the way, I can roll my sleeves up and start mucking out.  I’m quite strict with myself and only do an hour a day to save my back.

At first the job seems endless, but after a few days I can see how much progress I’ve made and it’s a great feeling.  The hens love it too, they help out, grubbing out little insects and having dust baths in the newly unearthed dusty layer beneath the clods of dung.

This year it took me about three weeks to finish the shed.  I lost count of how many trailer loads of dung I lobbed onto the muck heap.  The best part was setting up the hurdles ready for shearing which I found hugely fun in a ‘re-arranging the furniture in a room’ kind of a way.  After many different hurdle arrangements which had to look right as well be practical, I eventually found a way to divide the shed into three areas.  Area 1:  multiple sheep waiting room, Area 2:  single sheep waiting room, Area 3:  shearing zone complete with board.

Now we just have to wait for shearing which is late this year because of the wet weather.  Its already July but we have the shearer booked in for Saturday so fingers crossed it stays dry.

 

 

 

 

It’s been about six weeks since my last blog entry about the wonders of alfalfa and sugar-beet for elderly sheep.

This winter just gone, we’ve been keeping a special eye on three of our more elderly flock members; Sparkle and Scarlett and Shelby.  Sparkle and Scarlett are missing some front teeth, and Shelby has arthritis and can’t get around as easily as she used to.

Winter can be tough, especially for older sheep who don’t have the reserves they once had.

We readily admit to spoiling our sheep a little bit, we give them access to their favourite shed to get out of the elements.  This is great for the sheep, but not so great for me as I have to muck it out every day.  But I digress, a happy sheep is a happy me.  As well as their shed, they also have ad-lib access to meadow hay and a cheeky sprinkling of ewe nuts every morning.  Despite this, as we came out of winter  this year Sparkle, Scarlett and Shelby were all looking a bit too thin for our liking.

Rocket is my middle name so I immediately researched nutritional supplements for elderly sheep with poor teeth and arthritis, preferably slow-release and non-molassed.  This is our first experience with keeping OAP sheep so it’s unchartered territory for us.

While I found lots of information on nutritional supplements for elderly horses and ponies, I couldn’t find much at all about elderly sheep.  Several cups of tea later I at last found something which looked promising; pelleted meadow grass and pelleted alfalfa with sugar beet.

Fast forward a few weeks and the three ladies are doing marvellously on their special supplement.  We are so pleased, particularly with Sparkle as she had lost the most condition out of the three.  Now she looks almost back to her old rolly poly self.  We’re also very happy that the two ladies with missing incisors are still able to graze grass so this means the pelleted feed is still just a supplement rather than a main meal, at least for the moment.  Well done Sparkle, Scarlett and Shelby!

 

 

 

 

 

 

A few years ago we made the decision to stop lambing.  Much as we loved having lambs skipping about each spring and doing zoomies around the paddock, we came to the realisation that it just wasn’t financially viable for us.  We do miss it from time to time though, lambing with all its highs and lows, it’s a profoundly magical time of year.  The miracle of witnessing life unfold, the heartbreak of having it slip through your fingers, it’s an experience you can never forget.

Since we stopped breeding, the number of sheep we have has stayed pretty much the same.  The only thing that has changed is how old they are.  Some of our girls have reached the ripe old age of twelve which is good going considering the average lifespan of non-commercial sheep is between ten and twelve.  Our youngest are now five (which is old in commercial terms) and the rest are somewhere in between.

This winter we had three sheep on our radar, Sparkle, Scarlett and Shelby.  We were keeping an eye on them because they’d lost a bit of condition.  While it’s normal for sheep to come out of winter looking a bit slimmer than usual, these three were thinner than we liked, particularly Sparkle whose normal physique is erring on the tubby side of tubby.

Both Sparkle and Scarlett are missing some front teeth which would account for them losing a bit of weight.  Shelby still has her front teeth but has a touch of arthritis so she finds walking tricky sometimes which means she’s not grazing as much as she ought to be.

 

Rather than wait for the spring grass to come through and see how they got along, I decided to fast track things a bit.  Actually, I was rather concerned about Sparkle as she only has one incisor left (thankfully she still has her molars), but even with lush spring grass coming through, she wouldn’t be able to get as good a nibble at it anymore.

So I did some research and found two products that looked just the ticket; Dengie’s Pure Grass pellets, and Dengie’s Alfa-Beet pellets.

Both the alfa-beet and the grass come in concentrated (pellet) form which you have to soak before use.  The advantage which comes with the soaking means that sheep with wobbly teeth should find it easier to eat.

I couldn’t wait to get started.  Once I’d whizzed into town to buy what I needed, I hefted the sacks into the kitchen, got three buckets, some scales and a handful of carrots.  I carefully measured out 20g of the grass pellets and 20g of the alpha-beet into each bucket.  I deliberately went with a very small amount knowing sheep have delicate digestive systems.  My plan was to start small and build it up. I then added 10g of ewe-nuts into the mix and a handful of grated carrot.  Lastly, I added 200g water.   Happy with my concoctions I left the buckets to soak and got on with some overdue housework.  Three hours later, I grabbed my coat, the dogs and the buckets and set off in search of the sheep.

On locating the woolly gang, I called the three ladies into a pen and set my buckets down in front of them.  I couldn’t wait to enjoy that moment – the sound of sheep enthusiastically scoffing.  Sadly the moment never came, they sniffed the buckets with great suspicion, kicked them over for good measure and then looked at me with beseeching ‘feed me’ faces.

I tried hand feeding them but they weren’t having it.  Hmm I thought, what to do?

I trudged back to the house and had a cup of tea.  I pondered things for a while and decided it would probably be best to contact Dengie’s for advice.  I sent them an email explaining my predicament and to my delight a reply came back the very next day.  They suggested making the mixture a teeny bit dryer, more ‘wet-crumbly’ than ‘wet-sloppy’.  They also suggested adding ewe-nuts which I’d already done, but this time I added a few more.  I experimented a bit and came up with what looked to be a good consistency.  20g of alfa-beet, 20g of grass pellets, 20g ewe nuts and 160g water.  Three hours later, off I went again with my buckets.  This time to my delight, they stuck their heads straight in and scoffed for all they were worth!

This is our first experience with caring for elderly sheep so we’ll be learning as we go along.  Fingers crossed with their nutrient-packed supplements all three will blossom and put on weight over the coming weeks.  For Sparkle who has only one front teeth left, the pellets will be a lifelong addition to her diet as she will struggle to get adequate grass.

 

As well as the ‘daily hay ceremony‘ which I wrote about a couple of months ago, I thought I would write a few words about another little ceremony which the sheep really enjoy; the daily ‘nut ceremony’.

Sheep go absolutely bonkers for their nuts.  I should add, these are not actual nuts, ‘sheep nuts’ are rolled pellets containing a variety of grains and legumes.

Like the hay, we only do the ‘nut ceremony’ during the winter when the sheep appreciate a little extra nutrition.

First thing every morning I scoop a carefully measured amount into a bucket, then, bucket in one hand, dog leads in the other I call the the dogs and off we go.

Our sheep are really good at telling the time.  They come down to the paddock exactly half an hour before I make an appearance and stand in a group looking towards the house.

Then they watch me walking along the fence round the outside of the paddock before moving as one unit to the gate which stands between them and the troughs soon to be filled with ‘nuts’.

I used to fill the troughs while the sheep milled around me but this proved slightly hazardous and required my wits about me, not a great situation to be in before I’ve had my breakfast.  Sheep can be quite adept at rugby and thought nothing of tackling me to the ground if it meant they could stick their head in a bucket.

These days I put the troughs in a separate part of the paddock and close the gate before the sheep come down so they can’t get up to tricks.  This makes life much easier and is also very amusing to watch when I open the gate and the sheep bundle through closely followed by Elliot who likes to join in the scrum.

 

 

 

 

From the end of October through to the beginning of April (give or take), we move the little darlings onto hay.  During the winter, the grass pretty much stops growing and what grass there is isn’t very tasty or nutritious.  While many sheep are thrifty and do fine in the leaner winter months, ours are a lowland breed and appreciate their creature comforts.  We also have several elderly ladies in our flock who need a little extra tlc.

As well as providing the teddies with daily hay, over the years of keeping sheep we’ve come to realise what our woolly friends really appreciate is having somewhere to get out of the elements, whether that’s the scorching sun in the summer, or the driving rain in the winter.  So we give them access to the lambing shed which they love.  To be honest, they are rather too fond of it at times and can make a real mess if they set up camp for too long.  While we like them to have access to their shelter, we don’t want them to spend all day in there.  So we’ve found if we fill up their hay feeders (which are next to the shelter) in the evenings rather than the mornings, this encourages them to go up the hill and forage during the day and only come down to the paddock in the evenings for the daily hay ceremony.

The daily hay ceremony is basically me bringing the little darlings hay every evening.  Usually the gang are still up on the hill somewhere, but it’s not long before they make an appearance led by Seline the flock leader.  They have an uncanny knack of knowing what time to come down for their tea.

I really enjoy the hay ceremony, mostly because I love the smell of hay.  Good quality meadow hay can be hard to come by and our little darlings are particularly fond of soft hay without tough stalks.  During the first few years here on our smallholding we struggled to find good meadow hay.  Our first year here we made our own but didn’t have enough to last all winter and ended up scrabbling around.

Our second year here we decided to buy in hay.  Unfortunately that turned out to be a bad decision as it was the year of the ‘beast from the east’.  That winter went on and on and on … there was hardly any hay to be had and we ended up buying in posh, dainty bags of haylage from the local agricultural store.  Our winter feed budget took a big hit that year.

So our third winter here we couldn’t believe our luck when we discovered that our Highland Cattle friends from up the road, Jim and Fiona, (https://www.highland.scot/)  had started supplying hay!  We feel very fortunate about this, it’s taken a big worry off our shoulders.

Every four weeks, Fiona comes by in her ‘hay-mobile’ with a delivery of hay.  Whilst tipping bales off the truck we have a good old catch up.  As smallholders on somewhat remote farms it’s good to chat to a likeminded soul and compare notes about this and that.  I always look forward to Fiona’s visits and I’m sure our sheep do as well!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

You can tell a lot about the health of an animal by what comes out the back end.  One of our woolly teddy bears, Witchy, has always produced dung more on the squishy side.  It sticks to the wool around her tail and is a magnet for flies.  During the summer we give her bottom plenty of haircuts to keep her feeling clean and fresh and prevent flystrike.

From what we’ve observed as smallholders, if young animals don’t get a good start in life, health problems will pop up down the line.  We’re certain that Witchy’s bottom problems are down to an imbalance of gut bacteria due to a period of stress she suffered as a lamb, (click here to read Witchy’s story).  We made a lot of mistakes when we started out ten years ago and unfortunately Witchy’s wobbly first couple of days was down to our inexperience as novice smallholders.

Fast forward to now and Witchy is a fully grown sheep and seven years young.  She’s the sweetest thing and we feel very lucky to have her in our flock.  She seems happy and content, but her digestive issues have always been a background worry.

Over the years we’ve tried her on probiotics and kaolin powder, but nothing has helped.  Witchy’s bottom has just carried on doing its thing and we’ve carried on trimming her and keeping her clean.

Now that she is getting older, we’ve noticed she doesn’t do as well in the winter.  Last year she lost condition and her lower eyelids were a bit pale suggesting a nutrient absorption issue.

This year, as winter approaches I thought I would try something different.  I had recently read about something called ‘cud transfaunation’, an old shepherding technique to help ruminants with digestive problems.  Just like us, sheep need a healthy gut microbiome in order to work properly.  Cud transfaunation basically means to take the cud and accompanying microbes from the mouth of a healthy sheep and pop it into the mouth of the sheep needing help.  (Obviously making sure it is swallowed).

I was pretty excited to do this I can tell you!  On Monday I brought Witchy into a pen along with Yaar and Yogi (the two doners).  My plan was to  swill the doners’ mouths out with warm water using a large syringe, capture the swill (and hopefully lots of microbes) in a bucket and then transfer it over to Witchy.  The reason I decided to have two doners was purely to increase my chances of capturing microbes.

From what I’ve read you can do either the ‘swill method’, or the ‘cud grabbing method’.  If you manage to grab a nice handful of cud there’s probably more chance of capturing lots of microbes however scooping out cud comes with risk of losing a  finger so I decided to go with plan A.  If plan A doesn’t work, then I’ll enlist the help of Adrian and try getting hold of some cud.  You put the cud in a bucket with a little warm water, break it up with a fork so it resembles sloppy soup and then give it to the sheep before it cools down.

The most important thing I had to remember was to make sure everything was sterile, and to keep the swilled out water at sheep temperature so the microbes didn’t die off before I got them into Witchy.

I lined up my equipment on a nearby wall so I had everything within reach.  I had with me:  a thermos flask filled with sheep-temperature water (38.3 – 39.9’c) to do the mouth swilling, a sterile bucket to capture the swill and a large syringe to draw up the swill from the bucket and transfer into Witchy’s mouth.

I didn’t get much swill but hopefully enough.  It looked slightly green and had a bit of a slimy look to it.  I’m hoping it contained plenty of bacteria.  Giving it to Witchy was easy, I popped it into her mouth using a large syringe and she swallowed it straight away, phew!

The trickiest part was to make sure I kept Yaar and Yogi’s heads down as I swilled their mouths out to stop them from swallowing the warm water.  It was also quite hard keeping the bucket under their chins whilst I was doing this.  They were very keen to stick their noses in the bucket, they love buckets, especially green calf buckets.

Hopefully I captured enough microbes and they’re setting up home in Witchy’s gut and she’ll have an easier winter.  However the proof will be in the poop … I will keep you updated with how she goes.

 

 

Every so often it’s time to do some dung shifting here on the smallholding.  Despite having a relatively small flock of 19, our woolly lawn mowers produce an impressive amount of manure.

During the winter when the grass isn’t very tasty, the teddy bears spend a lot of time in the paddock where we have a couple of hay feeders set up.  Here is where the action happens, our woolly friends get busy converting hay into dung from November through to April.

The amount of dung around the feeders quickly builds up, so every autumn we roll back our sleeves and get to work removing the dung carpet.  This is hefty work and often involves getting on our hands and knees and peeling it up from the ground.  Embedded in the dung are layers of hay which hold things together to form a sort of cake.  It’s very satisfying work peeling back large clods.  Sometimes we get a big one that is too heavy to lift.  We heft the clods into the trailer and then tow it to the muck heap where we shovel it out.  Then back we go to the paddock for more.

After a week or so of peeling, shovelling and dumping, our dung heap is vastly bigger and the ground around the hay feeders looks lovely again; back to its original state, a good deal lower and much less squelchy.

During the winter we’ll use this dung to mulch our veggie patch.  I dropped some off at our neighbours for their flowerbeds and Adrian left me a big present for the polytunnel.  All in all, a good week’s work!